The bubbler, or otherwise known as Deep water culture has been a popular technique for many years, it is a simple hydroponics technique which is a sure way to get results, and provides very good aeration to the roots of plants, promoting healthy and rapid growing specimens, however the main draw back has been that a single bucket bubbler system with a large plant in it is a bit of a nightmare to stay on top of, for the small reservoir of water is in consta..
These DWC systems can be used as ideal absolute no-low™ maintenance propagation systems, with the added benefit of knowing that if necessary you can grow fully mature plants in this system too. So if your stock plants are not quite ready for harvest but your cuttings are ready for transplanting, then with this system it aint going to make any odds, allowing you to harvest when the plants are really ready with the benefit of having an indefinite growing env..
20 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
30 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
20 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
30 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
20 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
30 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
20 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
30 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
20 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
30 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
20 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
30 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
This Bubbler Kit is a cross between a Deep Water Culture and Recirculating Hydroponic system.
The ‘Brummie Bubbler’ Kit comes with an 80L tank, a 16.5L trough, a Watering Ring, 2 airstones and 2 HAILEA® pumps – 1 liquid and 1 air. The pump and airstones provided help to supply a large amount of oxygen to the roots, resulting in rapid growth...
The PLANT!T® aeros is a Deep Water Culture system, also commonly known as a bubbler system. These are very popular hydroponic systems that require very little growing media, but do require a lot of nutrient/water solution. The PLANT!T® aeros is best suited for short term and seasonal cropping plants.
The plant is supported in a net pot filled with a growing media such as PLANT!T® Clay Pebbles and the roots are submerged in a highly oxygenated nutrient/wat..
The team at Deep Impact Plant Care are very excited about the re-release of Deep Clean! Containing Cypermethrin, Deep Clean is an extremely powerful non-organic pesticide for a wide range of plant pests on consumable crops and plants, and also ornamentals.
Deep Impact Deep Clean is affective on a number of plant pests including thrip, aphids, beetles, beet fleas, and sucking and chewing pests on ornamental and edible crops.
The usage rates are 5ml per li..
These EP Deep Bowl reflectors are designed to achieve the best and more reflective performance available to control light direction in your grow environment.
Please note: lamp holder is an optional extra and can be selected from the options below...
The Net Pot is ideal for use with hydroponic systems and in propagation. They are slightly smaller than the gully hole to allow easy access for checking the root zone and less root damage when lifting...
DWC Potz are a hybrid design that combines deep water culture with a top feed drip system, showering the roots from above, whilst the deep water solution recirculates and bubbles down below.
DWC Potz are supplied with two pumps, one is fitted in the main tank to fill the system and the other is fitted in the Header Potz with two inline taps fitted above. The taps allows you to recirculate the solution around the system or drain it back into the main tank...
DWC Potz are a hybrid design that combines deep water culture with a top feed drip system, showering the roots from above, whilst the deep water solution recirculates and bubbles down below.
DWC Potz are supplied with two pumps, one is fitted in the main tank to fill the system and the other is fitted in the Header Potz with two inline taps fitted above. The taps allows you to recirculate the solution around the system or drain it back into the main tank...
DWC Potz are a hybrid design that combines deep water culture with a top feed drip system, showering the roots from above, whilst the deep water solution recirculates and bubbles down below.
DWC Potz are supplied with two pumps, one is fitted in the main tank to fill the system and the other is fitted in the Header Potz with two inline taps fitted above. The taps allows you to recirculate the solution around the system or drain it back into the main tank...
DWC Potz are a hybrid design that combines deep water culture with a top feed drip system, showering the roots from above, whilst the deep water solution recirculates and bubbles down below.
DWC Potz are supplied with two pumps, one is fitted in the main tank to fill the system and the other is fitted in the Header Potz with two inline taps fitted above. The taps allows you to recirculate the solution around the system or drain it back into the main tank...
Deep water culture is a method of growing that leaves your root submerged in a highly oxygenated nutrient solution which causes rapid growth.
The IWS deep water culture system is made from high grade recycled plastic and enables simple set-up and use for all growers from novices to experts.
Contains:
1 x 100 ltr tank
1 x DWC timer control unit
6 x 18 litre pre-drilled outer bucket
6 x Lid with built-in net basket
6 x Sealing gland
6 x IWS Elbow
..
Deep water culture is a method of growing that leaves your root submerged in a highly oxygenated nutrient solution which causes rapid growth.
The IWS deep water culture system is made from high grade recycled plastic and enables simple set-up and use for all growers from novices to experts.
Contains:
1 x 220 ltr tank
1 x DWC timer control unit
12 x 18 litre pre-drilled outer bucket
12 x Lid with built-in net basket
12 x Sealing gland
6 x IWS Elbo..
Deep water culture is a method of growing that leaves your root submerged in a highly oxygenated nutrient solution which causes rapid growth.
The IWS deep water culture system is made from high grade recycled plastic and enables simple set-up and use for all growers from novices to experts.
Contains:
1 x 350 ltr tank
1 x DWC timer control unit
18 x 18 litre pre-drilled outer bucket
18 x Lid with built-in net basket
18 x Sealing gland
6 x IWS Elbo..
Deep water culture is a method of growing that leaves your root submerged in a highly oxygenated nutrient solution which causes rapid growth.
The IWS deep water culture system is made from high grade recycled plastic and enables simple set-up and use for all growers from novices to experts.
Contains:
1 x 350 ltr tank
1 x DWC timer control unit
24 x 18 litre pre-drilled outer bucket
24 x Lid with built-in net basket
24 x Sealing gland
6 x IWS Elbo..
A great step into Deep Water Culture, the single plant Oxypot grow system produces phenomenal results in a small space and use very little media - just a handful of clay pebbles.
The plants are placed in a mesh pot containing pebbles and the roots hang down into the growing chamber which contains an air pump that continually oxygenates the nutrient solution.
One of the simplest introductions to hydroponics available.
Oxypot DWC (Deep Water Culture) sy..
A great step into Deep Water Culture, the dual plant Oxypot grow system produces phenomenal results in a small space and use very little media - just a handful of clay pebbles.
The plants are placed in a mesh pot containing pebbles and the roots hang down into the growing chamber which contains an air pump that continually oxygenates the nutrient solution.
One of the simplest introductions to hydroponics available.
Oxypot DWC (Deep Water Culture) syst..
Oxypots are ideal for growers hooked on pots and soil as they’re simple to use, logical and low cost but produce consistently faster growth and bigger yields. There’s no timer to set and no complicated assembly and they’re
quick to demonstrate to your customers.
How it works
Plants are placed in the Oxypot net pots with clay pebbles and the roots hang down into the DWC growing chamber where they have constant access to nutrient solution. The air pum..
Delta 5.6G 42/40 is compatible with SBS 36/77 propagation cubes. Box contains 256 cubes.
The main difference between Polish and Dutch Grodan are as follows;
Polish Delta 4G and 6.5G Cubes have a slightly larger hole than the Dutch version, in order to accommodate the MM propagation cube.
Polish 25/150 and 36/77 SBS propagation cubes have a smaller hole than the Dutch version, in which to place the seed or cutting.
The benefits of Grodan rock..
Omega CFL Blue Spectrum Grow Lamps are a low-energy choice for growers. This range of Deep Blue CFLs have 100% Blue Spectrum which is ideal for vegetative stages, cuttings or propagation.
Choosing Omega Deep Blue CFLs means a guarantee in low energy and high output. Plants will use 100% of the lamp's light spectrum.
With Omega's Deep Blue CFL Lamp, there is no need for a Ballast, simply plug and grow.
Quality Grow Lamps
Quality grow lamps are es..
Due to popular demand, Grow Tools has released this range of deeper saucers. The versatile round trays collect more water than before and minimise spillages when feeding or allowing plants to drain.
New, deeper saucers
We do our best to listen to customer feedback and to supply the most convenient gardening solutions possible.
Due to popular demand, Grow Tools has released this range of deeper saucers. The round trays collect more water than before and ..
The bubbler, or otherwise known as Deep water culture has been a popular technique for many years, it is a simple hydroponics technique which is a sure way to get results, and provides very good aeration to the roots of plants, promoting healthy and rapid growing specimens, however the main draw back has been that a single bucket bubbler system with a large plant in it is a bit of a nightmare to stay on top of, for the small reservoir of water is in consta..
These DWC systems can be used as ideal absolute no-low™ maintenance propagation systems, with the added benefit of knowing that if necessary you can grow fully mature plants in this system too. So if your stock plants are not quite ready for harvest but your cuttings are ready for transplanting, then with this system it aint going to make any odds, allowing you to harvest when the plants are really ready with the benefit of having an indefinite growing env..
20 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
30 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
20 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
30 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
20 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
30 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
20 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
30 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
20 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
30 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
20 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
30 litre pots
Larger yields with fewer plants
Super oxygenated nutrient solution
Uniform PH + EC
32mm ppip+fittings
No electronics, plug in & grow
The Alien Water Current systems are an all new large heavy duty design for those wanting to grow fewer larger plants. The growth in these systems is explosive due to the unlimited supply of super oxygenated nutrient solution being constantly recirculated 24/7 by an inline pump that creates a current d..
This Bubbler Kit is a cross between a Deep Water Culture and Recirculating Hydroponic system.
The ‘Brummie Bubbler’ Kit comes with an 80L tank, a 16.5L trough, a Watering Ring, 2 airstones and 2 HAILEA® pumps – 1 liquid and 1 air. The pump and airstones provided help to supply a large amount of oxygen to the roots, resulting in rapid growth...
The PLANT!T® aeros is a Deep Water Culture system, also commonly known as a bubbler system. These are very popular hydroponic systems that require very little growing media, but do require a lot of nutrient/water solution. The PLANT!T® aeros is best suited for short term and seasonal cropping plants.
The plant is supported in a net pot filled with a growing media such as PLANT!T® Clay Pebbles and the roots are submerged in a highly oxygenated nutrient/wat..
The team at Deep Impact Plant Care are very excited about the re-release of Deep Clean! Containing Cypermethrin, Deep Clean is an extremely powerful non-organic pesticide for a wide range of plant pests on consumable crops and plants, and also ornamentals.
Deep Impact Deep Clean is affective on a number of plant pests including thrip, aphids, beetles, beet fleas, and sucking and chewing pests on ornamental and edible crops.
The usage rates are 5ml per li..
These EP Deep Bowl reflectors are designed to achieve the best and more reflective performance available to control light direction in your grow environment.
Please note: lamp holder is an optional extra and can be selected from the options below...
The Net Pot is ideal for use with hydroponic systems and in propagation. They are slightly smaller than the gully hole to allow easy access for checking the root zone and less root damage when lifting...
DWC Potz are a hybrid design that combines deep water culture with a top feed drip system, showering the roots from above, whilst the deep water solution recirculates and bubbles down below.
DWC Potz are supplied with two pumps, one is fitted in the main tank to fill the system and the other is fitted in the Header Potz with two inline taps fitted above. The taps allows you to recirculate the solution around the system or drain it back into the main tank...
DWC Potz are a hybrid design that combines deep water culture with a top feed drip system, showering the roots from above, whilst the deep water solution recirculates and bubbles down below.
DWC Potz are supplied with two pumps, one is fitted in the main tank to fill the system and the other is fitted in the Header Potz with two inline taps fitted above. The taps allows you to recirculate the solution around the system or drain it back into the main tank...
DWC Potz are a hybrid design that combines deep water culture with a top feed drip system, showering the roots from above, whilst the deep water solution recirculates and bubbles down below.
DWC Potz are supplied with two pumps, one is fitted in the main tank to fill the system and the other is fitted in the Header Potz with two inline taps fitted above. The taps allows you to recirculate the solution around the system or drain it back into the main tank...
DWC Potz are a hybrid design that combines deep water culture with a top feed drip system, showering the roots from above, whilst the deep water solution recirculates and bubbles down below.
DWC Potz are supplied with two pumps, one is fitted in the main tank to fill the system and the other is fitted in the Header Potz with two inline taps fitted above. The taps allows you to recirculate the solution around the system or drain it back into the main tank...
Deep water culture is a method of growing that leaves your root submerged in a highly oxygenated nutrient solution which causes rapid growth.
The IWS deep water culture system is made from high grade recycled plastic and enables simple set-up and use for all growers from novices to experts.
Contains:
1 x 100 ltr tank
1 x DWC timer control unit
6 x 18 litre pre-drilled outer bucket
6 x Lid with built-in net basket
6 x Sealing gland
6 x IWS Elbow
..
Deep water culture is a method of growing that leaves your root submerged in a highly oxygenated nutrient solution which causes rapid growth.
The IWS deep water culture system is made from high grade recycled plastic and enables simple set-up and use for all growers from novices to experts.
Contains:
1 x 220 ltr tank
1 x DWC timer control unit
12 x 18 litre pre-drilled outer bucket
12 x Lid with built-in net basket
12 x Sealing gland
6 x IWS Elbo..
Deep water culture is a method of growing that leaves your root submerged in a highly oxygenated nutrient solution which causes rapid growth.
The IWS deep water culture system is made from high grade recycled plastic and enables simple set-up and use for all growers from novices to experts.
Contains:
1 x 350 ltr tank
1 x DWC timer control unit
18 x 18 litre pre-drilled outer bucket
18 x Lid with built-in net basket
18 x Sealing gland
6 x IWS Elbo..
Deep water culture is a method of growing that leaves your root submerged in a highly oxygenated nutrient solution which causes rapid growth.
The IWS deep water culture system is made from high grade recycled plastic and enables simple set-up and use for all growers from novices to experts.
Contains:
1 x 350 ltr tank
1 x DWC timer control unit
24 x 18 litre pre-drilled outer bucket
24 x Lid with built-in net basket
24 x Sealing gland
6 x IWS Elbo..
A great step into Deep Water Culture, the single plant Oxypot grow system produces phenomenal results in a small space and use very little media - just a handful of clay pebbles.
The plants are placed in a mesh pot containing pebbles and the roots hang down into the growing chamber which contains an air pump that continually oxygenates the nutrient solution.
One of the simplest introductions to hydroponics available.
Oxypot DWC (Deep Water Culture) sy..
A great step into Deep Water Culture, the dual plant Oxypot grow system produces phenomenal results in a small space and use very little media - just a handful of clay pebbles.
The plants are placed in a mesh pot containing pebbles and the roots hang down into the growing chamber which contains an air pump that continually oxygenates the nutrient solution.
One of the simplest introductions to hydroponics available.
Oxypot DWC (Deep Water Culture) syst..
Oxypots are ideal for growers hooked on pots and soil as they’re simple to use, logical and low cost but produce consistently faster growth and bigger yields. There’s no timer to set and no complicated assembly and they’re
quick to demonstrate to your customers.
How it works
Plants are placed in the Oxypot net pots with clay pebbles and the roots hang down into the DWC growing chamber where they have constant access to nutrient solution. The air pum..
Delta 5.6G 42/40 is compatible with SBS 36/77 propagation cubes. Box contains 256 cubes.
The main difference between Polish and Dutch Grodan are as follows;
Polish Delta 4G and 6.5G Cubes have a slightly larger hole than the Dutch version, in order to accommodate the MM propagation cube.
Polish 25/150 and 36/77 SBS propagation cubes have a smaller hole than the Dutch version, in which to place the seed or cutting.
The benefits of Grodan rock..
Omega CFL Blue Spectrum Grow Lamps are a low-energy choice for growers. This range of Deep Blue CFLs have 100% Blue Spectrum which is ideal for vegetative stages, cuttings or propagation.
Choosing Omega Deep Blue CFLs means a guarantee in low energy and high output. Plants will use 100% of the lamp's light spectrum.
With Omega's Deep Blue CFL Lamp, there is no need for a Ballast, simply plug and grow.
Quality Grow Lamps
Quality grow lamps are es..
Due to popular demand, Grow Tools has released this range of deeper saucers. The versatile round trays collect more water than before and minimise spillages when feeding or allowing plants to drain.
New, deeper saucers
We do our best to listen to customer feedback and to supply the most convenient gardening solutions possible.
Due to popular demand, Grow Tools has released this range of deeper saucers. The round trays collect more water than before and ..